HOW TO AVOID HEART ATTACK

01.What is the heart Attack?

A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked (often by a blood clot). This happens because coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood slowly become thicker and harder from a build-up of fat, cholesterol and other substances, called plaque. If the plaque breaks open and a blood clot forms that blocks the blood flow, a heart attack occurs. Then the heart muscle supplied by that artery begins to die. Damage increases the longer an artery stays blocked. Once that muscle dies, the result is permanent heart damage.

 An Also there is a sudden complete blockage of an artery that supplies blood to an area of your heart. A heart is a muscle, and it needs a good blood supply to keep it healthy. As we get older, the smooth inner walls of the arteries that supply the blood to the heart can become damaged and narrow due to the buildup of fatty materials, called plaque. When an area of plaque breaks, blood cells and other parts of the blood stick to the damaged area and form blood clots. A heart attack occurs when a blood clot completely blocks the flow of blood and seriously reduces blood flow to the heart muscle. This also results in patients experiencing chest pain. As a result, some of the heart muscle starts to die. The longer the blockage is left untreated, the more the heart muscle is damaged. If the blood flow is not restored quickly, the damage to the heart muscle is permanent. A heart disease is sometimes called a myocardial infarction (MI), acute myocardial infarction, coronary occlusion or coronary thrombosis.

02.Types of Heart Attack?

NSTEMI Heart Attacks

A non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is a type of heart disease that does not show a change in the ST segment elevation on an electrocardiogram and that results in less damage to the patient’s heart. However, these patients will test positively for a protein called troponin in their blood that is released from the heart muscle when it is damaged. In NSTEMI heart disease,it is likely that any coronary artery blockages are partial or temporary.

Treatment for an NSTEMI heart attack consists of medication and evaluation for whether a blockage is present that should be treated with medication only, cleared through angioplasty or treated with cardiac bypass graft surgery.

Coronary Artery Spasm

A coronary artery spasm is when the artery wall tightens and blood flow through the artery is restricted – potentially leading to chest pain, or blood flow is cut off all together – causing a chest pain. Coronary artery spasm comes and goes. Because there may not be a build-up of plaque or a blood clot in the artery, a coronary artery spasm may not be discovered by an imaging test called an angiogram that is typically performed to check arteries for blockages.

Treatment for a coronary artery spasm consists of medications such as nitrates and calcium channel blockers.

Demand Ischemia

Demand ischemia is another type of heart disease for which blockages in the arteries may not be present. It occurs when a patient’s heart needs more oxygen than is available in the body’s supply. It may occur in patients with infection, anemia, or tachyarrhythmias (abnormally fast heart rates). Blood tests will show the presence of enzymes that indicate damage to the heart muscle.

Cardiac Arrest (not a heart attack)

In cardiac arrest, a person’s heart stops beating. Cardiac arrest is not the same thing as a heart attack, but it is worth discussing alongside heart disease. Cardiac arrest can occur due to a chest pain, but cardiac arrest can also occur as a primary event. In other words, cardiac arrest can also occur for other reasons besides a blockage in the artery. These other reasons include electrolyte disturbances, such as low or high potassium or low magnesium, congenital abnormalities, or poor pumping function of the heart.

   

In a heart attack, a person’s heart keeps beating. A chest pain can cause life-threatening arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms), like ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). These arrhythmias result in cardiac arrest within a few minutes because the heart is not pumping blood to the lungs to pick up vital oxygen that circulates back to the heart and to the body.

Seconds count in treating both chest pain and cardiac arrest. With cardiac arrest, the odds of survival go down by about 10 percent for every minute until the person is resuscitated. After 10 minutes the risk of permanent brain injury is very high.

Initial treatment will consist of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation – delivery of an electrical shock to restore the heart’s rhythm. For people who are resuscitated and have a heartbeat but do not regain consciousness, hypothermia protocols are sometimes used, where the body is cooled for 24 hours then gradually warmed. This has been shown to improve the odds of a good neurological outcome for those patients.

03.Heart Attack Symptom  

These are the most common warning signs of a heart disease. You may have just one of these symptoms, or a combination

Discomfort or pain in your chest

This can often feel like a heaviness, tightness or pressure. People who have had a disease have commonly described it as like “an elephant sitting on my chest”, “a belt that’s been tightened around my chest” or “bad indigestion”.

The discomfort may spread to various parts of your upper body.

Discomfort in your arm(s), shoulder(s), neck, jaw or back

You may have a choking feeling in your throat. Your arms may feel heavy or useless.

feel short of breath

feel nauseous

have a cold sweat

feel dizzy or light-headed.

04.Treatement for chest pain

If you think you’re having a heart attack, call Imagency Hospital service. Don’t hang up. Ask the operator for an ambulance. Too many people lose their lives because they wait too long to get treatment for heart disease.

There is a high risk of dangerous changes to your heartbeat after the start of a chest pain. The most serious changes stop your heart beating and cause a cardiac arrest. Ambulance or hospital staff may use a defibrillator to give your heart a controlled electric shock that may make it start beating again.

Admit in Hospital

you will receive treatments that help to reduce damage to your heart, and to help prevent future problems. You may need to have a procedure like:

angioplasty and stent implantation

bypass surgery (also known as coronary artery bypass grafts or CABG).

How Do I reduce my risk for a heart attack?

·  Start making changes in your life now to reduce your risk of having another heart seasek. Eathear thealthy meals, be more physically active, reach and maintain a healthy weight, and don’t smoke.

·    Talk with your doctor and nurses about how you can live as normal a life as possible. Ask how soon you can go back to work, drive a car, have sex, and what to do if you have chest discomfort. They can answer your questions about other matters, too.

·         Talk with your healthcare provider about joining a cardiac rehabilitation program in your area.

·       and avoid second-hand smoke.

·         Treat high blood pressure, if you have it.

·         Eat a healthy diet that’s low in saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium (salt).

·         Get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity a week.

·         Reach and maintain a healthy weight.

·         Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.

·         See your doctor for regular check-ups.

·         Take your medicines exactly as prescribed

Best Of Luck …!